Representation of Manners :: essays research papers

Representation of Manners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel of manners is a novel that focuses on the customs, values, and mindset of a particular class or group of people who are situated in a specific historical context (Bowers and Brothers 5). The context tends to be one in which behavior has been codified and language itself has become formulated, resulting in a suppressing or regulating of individual expression. Often, this type of novel details a conflict between the individual’s desires and the ethical, moral, economic, or interpersonal mandates of society (Bowers and Brothers 5). The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton is a novel of manners concerned with the subtle nuances of behavior and standards of correctness portrayed by the upper-class of New York in the late 1890s. In the novel, Wharton uses the genre to depict Lily Bart’s struggle to maintain individualism while conforming to society’s expectations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel of manners developed in the 19th century as authors explored the place of women in society and the social effect of marriage (Bowers and Brothers 4). These authors wanted to show in particular the problems that come with marriage as well as with the problems of conforming to society. The world of the novel of manners was perceived as a woman’s world, viewed from a woman’s perspective (Bowers and Brothers 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The genre developed four specific conventions in the 19th century. Out of the four, three of the conventions are represented in The House of Mirth. One of the conventions was that the protagonist of the novel was usually a single woman looking to get married. The second convention dealt with the woman’s understanding of the socio-economic class within the novel. This was an important factor because it determined whom the woman would marry. The third convention found in The House of Mirth was the novel ending with the marriage or death of the protagonist, the case of Lily Bart, death. The House Mirth portrays all these conventions in the novel but instead of Lily conforming to society, Lily attempts to develop her own self-identity and independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lily Bart, the protagonist of The House of Mirth, was an unmarried 29 year old woman who desired to be a social success â€Å"[or] to get as much as one [could] out of life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wharton 81). Her mission was to marry a relatively wealthy man, thereby ensuring her financial stability and a place in the higher levels of New York society.

A House in Gross Disorder

A sex scandal – that too accompanied by charges of sodomy, doesn’t sound theoretically convincing enough to be lauded as the chief antagonist of a book that would elaborate the manners of the early seventeenth century English society.The heinous nature of the scandal and the noble family it badly marred collectively demanded a thorough and scrupulous historical documentation that would serve as a bold yet honest evidence of the truth in times of secrecy and puritanical approaches. In A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven, Cynthia Herrup takes up a bold task of chronicling an emperor’s debauchery and the subsequent fall from grace.On the surface, the book vividly records a tale of sodomy, rape, corruption and revenge. But Herrup goes beyond the notions of conventional morality, and excites the readers with an insightful telling of how a man of noble origin was incriminated by a system which was essentially naà ¯ve and passive.Moreov er, the case of the 2nd earl of Castlehaven directly implies the latent anxieties involved with the very structure of power, which can be applicable to modern societies as well. Mervin Touchet, the earl of Castlehaven, was charged with serious offenses of actuating the rape of his own wife and of performing sodomy on one of his servants.This case received so much public attention that researchers have later on found evidential grounds to address to a number of social, religious and ethical issues involving the hindsight of power and authority, tyranny, deviance, legal entailments of suppression, and the inevitable implications of patriarchal domestic setups.A House in Gross Disorder: Sex, Law, and the 2nd Earl of Castlehaven captures the nature of governance that prevailed in the royal court of Castlehaven prior to the grisly events, and how it brought about the condemnation and beheading of the earl in 1631. In a way, the author discusses and explains the situations that led to the debauchery and disorder in the Castlehaven household.It is to be clearly understood that Cynthia Herrup does not merely tell us a shameful event, but she actively engages our consciousness and awareness about the relevance of such an event in contemporary society by collating key points concerning sex, able governance and the role of a transparent and competent legal system. Hence the main thesis argument Cynthia Herrup tries to propagate in the book is not what happened, but why it happened.The Touchets settled in the Castlehaven in 1620 and immediately exercised their sovereign power in the locality. There was an underlying wave of nobility and religious leniency about the way the head of the household directed both the internal as well as external affairs.Despite being an old family dating back to the times of the Norman Conquest in England, the Touchets never really went out to establish a fortunate identity for themselves, partly because of their inheritance and injudicious tr ends of marriage.Eventually it was the convicted earl’s father George Touchet who understood that â€Å"the surest path to wealth and status was a combination of service, supplication, and judicious marriage.† (p. 10) His expertise as a soldier and good administrator was well circulated, fetching him widespread recognition.But his son’s escapades, as Herrup wants us to show, are not to be confused with his own status or credibility. Stuck in a perpetual state of dynamics in terms of religion, politics and law, the stage was almost set for the ensuing chain of events that would bring ignominy to the Castlehaven family. An act of sodomy, according to the Christian convictions, was extremely degrading and morally reproachable offense.Long before the Castlehaven case, the English society was unrelenting in despising such activities. As history has it, the aristocrats in the Elizabethan times were frequently accused with similar charges, the most notable being in the cases of the Earls of Oxford and of Southampton. Due to the passive nature of the mass acceptance of crimes such as rape and sodomy, majority of these cases lay under cover and never really attracted too much attention other than a reviled broadcasting.Even men hailing from blue-blooded families had the grit to stand up to the charges brought against them – presumably for testifying to their self-confidence and beliefs in a patriarchal supremacy. But according to the prevalent Protestant notions, sodomy was typically an un-English crime usually committed by the Italians and the Turkeys who were believed to have very little sense of self-restraint and moral values.But Mervin Touchet was neither an Italian nor a Turkey, nor was he supposed to be stripped off the conventional Protestant values. So the logical question remains – why did he engage in such treachery?Herrup attempts to guide us through the convoluted system of monarchy that somehow isolated many of the young earls in the beginning of their tenures. Lack of traceability in terms of peer connections and the general tenor of mistrust and passivity at the core of the family seemed to generate a deficient measure of ethics for the accused person in contention here.Five chapters are assigned to this book, making the task of unfolding the events and their interpretations a smooth one. The first chapter recounts the history of the Castlehaven’s ancestry, their land acquisitions, and how the premonitions were about to unveil themselves.From the perspective of a historian, this chapter is thoroughly required for the sake of critical research. Herrup introduces in this chapter the obvious difference that prevailed in the moral domains of two of the earls of Castlehaven, resulting in the disorderly affairs at Fonthill Gifford.The second chapter directly goes into the central topic of the book, e. g. the allegations of assistance in rape and sodomy brought against the 2nd earl.From informati ve contexts, this chapter abounds in charges that eventually incriminate the earl on the ground of circumstantial as well as concrete pools of evidence. It was Lord Audley who first brought the disturbing charges against the earl, stating that he was purposefully denied of his inheritance as the earl had an unusual propensity to one of his servants Henry Skipwith.This set the ball in motion as allegations of sexual perversion and provoked acts of sexuality started raining. The Privy Council intervened into the matter and questioned most of the family members, including the accused ones. Finally in 1631, charges against the earl were found legitimate after a prolonged trial and he was convicted of rape and sodomy.Herrup inducts the evidences to support her arguments in the third chapter. The first thematic construct involves the obligation for men to control their emotive responses for the greater good of their families and loved ones. No doubt it was completely taunted by the Castle haven to doom his own fate.The second important argument concerns the faculty of self-respect and honor in dealing with potentially unruly confrontations. This too lacked in the case of the 2nd earl of Castlehaven. The third argument, same as the second one, brings into the forefront of consideration the need to remain firm to sacred religious beliefs.All the three aforementioned arguments can be exemplified in a nutshell. As the head of a domestic setup infested with â€Å"sly servants and unruly women† (p. 74), Touchet engaged in disgraceful activities and supported the same in others (p. 79), and he was alleged to have questionable associations with Roman Catholicism and Ireland (p. 81). Hence the earl was comfortably drawn as debased and therefore, shamefaced for some reason.For the readers, it is virtually impossible to decipher the extent of his guilt, and that is precisely what the author tries to say in the book. It is basically a trial which is to be closely examined in the contemporary social context of deviance, homosexuality, tyranny and power games. So it may easily be inferred that this book is for a select band of readers – those with idiosyncratic viewpoints and a commanding grasp over the Elizabethan history of England.

The Common Relations Of Slavery And The Civil War Essay

The common relations of slavery are between slavery and the Civil War. Most would argue that slavery ended in 1865. With this standpoint, we often brush off or neglect to further investigate slavery in its most modern forms. Over the course of history, there are few times we can truly say a social problem was completely solved. Starvation still exists, as does poverty, racism, war, segregation, injustice within government systems, and yes, even slavery. Human trafficking is modern day slavery, and it exists everywhere with two different categories: sex exploitation and labor exploitation. Human trafficking is not new, but what is new is the volume of trafficking taking place, and how little we know about it. How can a problem, so monstrous and so widespread continue with most society being unaware of its existence? The 1800’s, and even years’ prior, were a period of unfathomable abuse towards people considered less than. The 21st century is also a period of unfathomable abuse towards people considered commodities. Now the common place relation between slavery and the civil war must be over, because the monster of modern day slavery has awoken. Human trafficking has key components and facts, such as the staggering numbers of victims. The official definition of human trafficking is the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation (Dictionary.com). Per the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes (UNODC), traffickingShow MoreRelatedThe Reconstruction Era And The Jim Crow Era1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthe cultural and legislative level. The Reconstruction Era occurred directly after the civil war and spanned twelve years from 1865 to 1877 , while the Jim Crow Era occurred from 1877 to 1954. Some of the common themes of these eras were race relations and tension between northern states and southern states. 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After analyzing the events of the Civil War, I was able to draw a connection to the actions of the soldiers, women and Black Americans and how they were consiste nt with Christian faith. Prior to emphasizingRead MoreCivil War Vs. The Right And The Left793 Words   |  4 PagesYanyi Liang Professor Heather ENGL 2327 November 17 2014 Civil war vs. The Right and the Left America is a new country. Here, the first time ever, a group of brave people cut out the bondage from Europe, free the philosophers, thinkers, also gave people desire to founding a new country. In the United States, human rights is the foundation for building this country. â€Å"I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual.† Read from the AbrahamRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On The United States1390 Words   |  6 Pagesissues regarding slavery transpired nation wide. The United States imported slaves from the Triangle trade. Over time, the common practice of slavery increased the economy s wealth and employed opportunities to expand to the Pacific Ocean. Slavery affected people to support two sides, either to be in support of slavery or want to abolish it. Strong opinions amassed, outrage and emphasis for the morality of slavery caused outbreaks of rebellions and violence. Tolerance for slavery was not the onl yRead MoreNotes On Demand For Equality898 Words   |  4 PagesExam #1: Demand for Equality In the United States, it can be said that slavery and wars have shaped our nation for the good and the bad. According to some ideas of â€Å"history†, the African American soldiers were treated as equals during wars such as The Revolutionary War, The Spanish-American War, The Civil War, World War I, and World War II. There we no wars that no African Americans did not participate in some shape or form. However, many historical remembrances, might be classified as mis-remembrancesRead MoreThe Civil War: Then and Now1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil War: Then and Now The Civil War that occurred was one of the darkest times in our history as a country. It was a time where there was a complete breakdown of social and political systems. Hundreds of thousands were killed and hundreds of thousands more were aversely affected. However, it was also a time of remembrance and significant moral progress. It is remembered as the turning point in American History and would be the foundation for the Civil Rights movement many years later. ThereRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1706 Words   |  7 Pagesitself. The United States were no longer united, mainly over the issue of slavery. In fact, many historians believe that, â€Å"From the nation’s founding, the issue of slavery threatened to tear the United States apart.† (â€Å"The Civil War† 1). The issue of slavery was always kept at bay through the utilization of various compromises; however a permanent solution was never sought after by the government. The peoples’ perspective of slavery differed by region. In the South, the economy was extremely reliant onRead MoreSlavery During The United States931 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery’s Development in the U.S. Between 18th Century and 19th Century AFAS-222 Research Paper First Draft Ge Wang 10/26/15 As I know, slavery in the U.S. was the legal establishment of human chattel slavery that existed in the 18th century and 19th century right after U.S. became independent and before the termination of the Civil War between the North and the South. Slavery was first adapted in British America from the early colonial days, by 1776--the Declaration of Independence it was recognized in

World War II And The Cold War - 916 Words

On a cold March morning on the 5th of 1953 Stalin lay in his bed surrounded by his personal doctors the great uncle Joe Stalin had been laid to rest euthanized by his doctors. He had grown up a member of the communist party more so a member as a means to power then a true believer in the doctrine. He would soon see this position put him in charge of the entirety of the newly named USSR (United Soviet Socialts Republic). He would steer the country through the horrors of World War II and he would consolidate all of Russia with fierce and deadly determination. Then see his country go face to face with the U.S. in the Cold War. Growing up Joseph Stalin was known as Losif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. He was born in Gori, Georgia on December†¦show more content†¦During his time he began to but heads with Trotsky, Lenin s second in command and his rival for power. With Lenin s death in 1924 Stalin began to centralize his power. He had Trotsky tried in a kangaroo court and exiled, l eaving him with no rival to power. By 1928 he was in complete control and began phase one of five year plan. His five year plan was a series of nationalized plans for the economic modernization of the Soviet Union. He rapidly changed an agricultural society to an industrial power house. This lead to massive famine taking the lives of over 5million Russian citizens between 1932 and 1933(1). These changes were not without challenge. Anyone who spoke up against his changes would be exiled to Siberian work camps and worked to death. By 1934 Stalin had purged the rest of the Soviet party using mock courts, assassination, and â€Å"unfortunate† accidents. This left him as absolute ruler of the U.S.S.R. In the fall of 1939 Stalin would see his country enter WWII. He started with a neutrality agreement with Germany. Hitler would soon violate this treaty and push him into the arms of the Allied Powers. He was very resistant to put his armies on the defense, because he was wanting to make sure Hitler made the first move (3). The war had not been going well for Stalin. This culminate in the battle of Stalingrad. This bloody battle turned the tide of war for Stalin but cost him almost 1million troops (3). With the close of the war in 1945

Ethic Example

Essays on Ethic Case Study Overhead costs To begin with, it is important to know what over head rates or costs are. An overhead rate is usually a component of net multiplier. These are costs that are not chargeable to projects, like rent, insurance or utilities. It indicates the relationship between the indirect expenses to the direct expenses. Ronsin should be accurate in her computation of the overhead rates so that the company can know how the company can allocate direct expenses, like labour expenses when required. It is correct that Ronsin divided the total manufacturing overhead by total direct labour hours estimates as per the production manager’s estimates. The overhead rate so far calculated will be used for job costing in the coming year. It must be understood that labour costs are either direct or indirect. Therefore, the suggestion to cut the labour hours should cater for both elements. It will be futile if direct labour costs are reduced yet indirect labour costs keeps increasing. To increase labour hours means increasing the productivity rate of the company. In case overhead rate is inversely proportional to direct labour hours, it means that an increase in the direct labour hours will result in the reduction of the overhead rate (Arora, 2009). The decision to reduce the estimated direct labour hours by 5 % implies that the company will result in the rise of the overhead rate. When the rate of overhead is higher it means that the company had more expenses in that previous year, and that the company had purchased more materials in order to produce more products. Increase in the level of production will result in the increase in income of the firm. When all expenses are netted from the total operating income to pay for the direct and indirect labour expenses, it will still leave high level of net operating income (Arora, 2009). Shaving off 5% of 440000 labour hours imply that we have 440000-22000=418000 418000 labour hours will remain. Reduction in labour hours means that the company will save on direct labour expenses. This will thus increase the reserves of income that will be used for other activities of the firm. 2) The general manager in a way is trying to cut off the costs that go to labour in a way that seems to be unethical to the company. It seems that his intention had not been known by the production manager, therefore, making the whole arrangement to appear obscured. However, much as the plan will result in the increase in net operating income, the whole idea should have been communicated to the production manager before any adjustment made in the job-ordering system in the computer. It may form part of what the general manager calls the Christmas bonus; all these arrangements should be made in tandem with the labour costing rules of the organization. The system might have hold for some time in the past but it does not imply that the whole process is ethical. Considerations should be made on the effects of the laid off workers because it implies that cutting of labour hours means that the workers will be laid off at the expense of the increasing incomes of the company. Therefore, Ronsin should not accept the request from the general manager to reduce the direct labours so as to increase the net income of the company as it is unethical thing to do (Arora, 2009). Works cited Arora, Mohammed. Costing Management. New York, NY: Penguin. 2009, Print

Dental Assistant Duties of Assisting The Main Dentist Free Sample

Question: Write an essay (of at least 150 words) of 3 Situations at your Workplace as a Dental Assistant where you had an Encounter with a Person/Group of People such as your Work Colleagues, Patient and/or Other Health Care Professionals of a different Social and Cultural Background. Answers: Case 1: The dental assistant performs the duty of assisting the main dentist while the later attends the patients. The dentist also recruited another asssiatnt for the evening hours as the former assistant mainly handled his works in the morning. The new assistant belonged to an Islamic background and therefore he often faced issues in preparing female patients for surgery as his culture prevented him from touching patients of the opposite gender (Yoder-Wise, 2014). Therefore, in order to respect his position, the dentist paid importance to my suggestion and allocated the female patients in the morning shifts so that he faces no restriction in his practices. However, he was also advised in a mature way, that being a figure born to provide service to humankind, he should try his best to overcome his cultural backlogs so that he can achieve the best result that he expects in his profession. The communication was effective and he accepted to try his best to overcome his restrictions. Case 2: A Hispanic patient had visited the clinic to undergo a treatment for cavities that had occurred in his premolars. On the advice of the dentist, the dental assistant who was English, advised her to go for a root canal treatment. He assured that the root canal treatment would provide her relief in the future. He also clarified, that she might face minor complications in the first few days. He also stated that even bleeding may occur and conditions in certain cases may become complicated as it does not provide 100% assurance but may provide 80% assurance from the pain relief. However, being Hispanic and having very little idea about English language, she was not able to understand any of the information and even did not raise any query. However after the root canalling was done, she suffered from severe pain and complained that the dental assistant had not given enough information before conducting the intervention. Therefore, the dental assistant called for a language interpreter and d iscussed the entire case scenario that had happened (Truong, Paradies Priest, 2014). The patient understood that it was not a mistake from our end and active and felt embarrassed for making the complaint. From that time onwards, the dental clinic had recruited a language interpreter so that language can never become a barrier in effective service delivery. Case 3: The dentist had recruited an Iranian assistant for helping him in attending patient. However, the Australian dentist had very few idea about the cultures maintained in Iran. While communicating with the assistant, he used to look directly into his eyes, which according to him was normal for the westerners. However, eye contact while communication is considered a very rude behavior, as they believe that it affects their self-respect and is against their culture. As soon as the dentist came to know about the inferiority complex that the assistant is experiencing while communicating with the dentist, he immediately modified his behavior. He made sure that he does not make eye contacts with him while assigning him tasks. This resulted in establishment of a proper working environment free from any humane complexes (McClimens, Brewster Lewis, 2014). References: McClimens, A., Brewster, J., Lewis, R. (2014). Recognising and respecting patients cultural diversity.Nursing Standard,28(28), 45-52. Truong, M., Paradies, Y., Priest, N. (2014). Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews.BMC health services research,14(1), 99. Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2014).Leading and managing in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Jay-Z, Reasonable Doubt vs. Eminem, the Slim Shady Lp free essay sample

Over time, however, hip hop has lost its hang agent credence, In part because it has emerged as arguably the most popular music art form among todays youth. However, the most serious hip-hop critics look both to content, audience, and commercial success. * Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt (Released In 1996) and Amines The Slim Shady LAP (Released In 1999) present a difficult binary for fans of the genre. One reason Is they generate totally different audiences. Both albums re-defined standards in the industry and forced fans and critics to ask: What does this mean for hip-hop as a movement? Also what does it mean for hip-hop as a business?These two men have redefined the genre as both a business and a political force in several ways. Hip-hop has expanded and diversified but its a peoples movement. Jay-Gs album speaks the historical, artistic and political tradition of the genre: to the street hustlers, people in urban and ghetto America, to the Hood. We will write a custom essay sample on Jay-Z, Reasonable Doubt vs. Eminem, the Slim Shady Lp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Amines album, by contrast, is not to be taken seriously. Mine revealed his fantastical sexual proclivities, his extreme drug abuse, his violent desires, and his anger towards his mother and ex-wife. These difference will draw two different types of audiences and ultimately fan bases.Amines The slim shady LAP lyrics were For entertainment purposes and not to be taken seriously. Most songs feature substantial amounts of swearing, homosexual slurs, numerous references to sex and drugs, and over-the-top descriptions of violence. (-wisped. Org. ) These are topics that the usual die hard hip-hop fan or critic would not gravitate toward musically. This style would also be somewhat new to past popular hip hop artists styles. It drew a more for entertainment purpose audience, fans that arent too interested in the traditional messages of the genre.To compare Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt and Amines The Slim Shady LAP presents numerous dilemmas to the music historian and critic. They were released at different time periods and generated a wide gap In sales. By far Amines The Slim Shady LAP outsold Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt. To date that album has sold over five million units In the United States (Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved July 25, 2010. 1 achieving critical commercial that Mine had a more mainstream pop audience. The album also won a Grammar for Best Rap Album (http://en. wisped. Org/wick/Best_Rap_Album).Additionally the album ranked #273 on Rolling Stone magazines list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (http://www. Religions. Com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all- time-19691231 [touch-rhythmic-19691231). It is the highest-ranking Mine album on the list. This was because it was an audiences first time experiencing this kind of an artist in hip-hop music. * Ultimately Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt didnt sale as many units. Selling a little over 2 million in sales to date, (http://www. Billboard. Com/ column/character/ask-billboard-Steve-via-]ay-z-radioed- 1003999123. Tory#/ alumna/character/ask-billboard-Steve-via-]ay-z-radioed- 1003999123 . Story) which makes it less commercially successful than The Slim Shady LAP however it ranked #248 on the Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All time (http:// www. Religions. Com/news/story/6599786/248_reasonable_doubt). Also it was selected on The Sources 100 Best Rap Albums (http://www. Rocklike. Net/source. HTML), and Blenders 500 Cads You Must Own Before You Die. Achievements not that common for an rap artist with a non-commercial audience. The production on both Reasonable Doubt and The Slim Shady LAP is provided by ell-established producers.So arguably the production comparison doesnt have a vital impact in this comparison. There were veteran producers that could cater to both albums and both audiences. The production credits on Reasonable Doubt include DC Premier, Clark Kent, DC Peter Panic, Nobody, and Ski. The Slim Shady LAP is mostly produced by DRP Deer, also producers Mark ; Jeff Bass, Mel-Man, and Mine himself are credited. * Most critics would later claim that Amines album drew so much attention from controversy; it was ultimately the reason why he sold so many records.People couldnt believe he could say the things he was saying in his music without being censored and a lot of people were curious to hear it for themselves. Controversy sales. The Slim Shady LAP grasped more of a gossip and trend following audience. By contrast, Reasonable Doubt was a word of mouth and more serious hip hoppers audience that were purchasers of the album originally, which most critics say it was a sleeper and is heralded as Jay-Gs crowning achievements, a seminal work and an undisputed classic(-wisped. Org).Also it suffered commercially from a time that hip-hop is dominated by the west coast artist ND that the west coast fans didnt support east coast artist in those specific times. You could argue that Mine had a west coast, Midwest, and mostly a pop culture audience. Also his audience was mostly white teenagers. However Mine is hip- hop, hes a rapper and he is an extremely talented artist. Jay-Gs audience was definitely hip-hop, traditional hip-hop fans and artist alike. He had more of an adult fan base in 1996. At this point in his career Jay-Z is less of a cross-over / international artist than Mine.He has yet to establish the pop culture following that he has today. When it comes to Hip-hop culture Reasonable Doubt is an album with very serious lyrical content. The album showcases the talent, the seriousness, the Marcy Projects turned successful entrepreneur. The album would have more relevance, a bigger impact, and more influence on Hip-hop culture than The Slim Shady LAP, an album from a white kid from a trailer park turned mega superstar, that showcases his undeniable talent, but a negative overall message, and an exaggerated persona.Jay-Gs Reasonable Doubt lyrical content possesses the cockiness of B. I. G and the takes it to the next level. On a lyrical level he possesses a prowess for crime tale-logy, humorous punch lines, and a soulful demeanor. With lines like (When it comes to this cheese hall like three blind mice. ) Just for basic for basic rap relate- ability. However Jay-Gs flow is all his own, and is hard to compare to any other MAC. Each line fits together perfectly into ace verses and much more often than in ass rap Reasonable Doubt features great songs that tell the stories of the Mafioso life. Reasonable Doubt put the east coast back on the map, strengthened the relationship between the mafia lifestyle and the hip hop artist, re-focused attention n the street hustler, and asked the black community to reconsider the real culprit for the black communitys ills. The east coast audience loved the album, and the west coast audience couldnt deny the quality of the album. Jay-Z re-directed hip hop eyes away from the ongoing beef between east and west coast, and placed his ire towards power structures and money flows.Artistically, Jay-Z demonstrated that he is a storyteller, a lyricist, a troubadour and a comedian. In contrast, when Mine dropped the Slim Shady LAP, unlike Jay-Z Mine did not talk about drug dealing. He talked about murder, rape, and drug abuse. He also had the support of west coast fans on the strength of DRP Deer. In one song Mine is talking cutely to his daughter while dumping her mothers body in the water: Mama wanted to show you how far she can float / and dont worry about that little boo-boo on her throat / its Just a scratch. Rappers, including Jay-Z on Reasonable Doubt satirized Americas obsession with the criminal black man, and criminality generally. Hip hop artists have time and again, indicted the war on drugs, in their music, focusing attention to the foolishness of American spending and waste in regulating pope. Mine reversed this tradition. He was not the drug dealer. He was the drug user, the white man fallen. The lyrical content of Reasonable Doubt has more value, more purpose, and is more positive.It is superior to The Slim Shady LAP in terms of lyrical content. So Jay-Gs album will influence a more lyrical audience. Amines persona on The Slim Shady LAP wasnt really a persona of hip-hop. He was a different type of criminal. He was deviant, not menacing. His problems were not generally socio-political in character, and they were psychological as well. Some of Amines audience could identify and relate to these traits and were drawn in. On the other hand, Jay Gs persona on Reasonable Doubt would not dare exhibit a weak psychological mind.A lot of his audience was attracted to him major because of that characteristic alone. Jay-Gs persona was Mafioso, powerful, successful, and rich. He was an achiever. Hip-hop historically, a black mans art, dismissed a psycho- historical flaw with black masculinity instead hip hop artists indicted white mans law as the culprit of their ills. In part, Amines obsession with his own psychological lull display. Mental health professionals might have diagnosed him with a variety of disorders from psychosis to personality disorder, perhaps even schizophrenia.He did not have the same issues with racism, racial profiling, failed schools, etc. He put Americas psychosis and penchant for violence on the map. The commercial success of the Slim Shady LAP suggested that it was okay for a white man to rape, a white man to murder, because he grew up poor, the son of a drug addict, the product of a single family home. Through the brilliance of his art, America allowed Mine to achieve a certain level of internal peace, clarity and major success, reflecting the commercial standards of the recording industry specifically.In conclusion both of these artists are known for their lyrical content, their competitive nature, their stage presence, and their ability to sell records and, also for helping the hip-hop cross over into pop culture. These two are two of the greatest the genre has ever seen. However when it comes to hip-hop theres always the question about the impact and influence the artists debut album had on hip-hop. This is one of the main factors that help determine who is the better artist and/or ho had the overall superior album.